BIOLOGY 160 WEB Page
Department of Biology  ( http://www.olemiss.edu/depts/biology/  )
University of Mississippi        Last update: 28 November 2007

Taught by Dr. Paul Lago and Dr. Lucile McCook, fall semester 2007
Website maintained by Dr. Lucile McCook 
email address: bymccook@olemiss.edu
Dr. McCook's office hours: 1-4 pm Mondays & Wednesdays, or by appointment.
406 Shoemaker Hall


    Daily Study sessions are led by Biology graduate student, Matt Pearson,
    every Monday through Thursday evening from 6:00-7:30 pm in the Stockard-Martin lobby.

      STUDY SESSIONS CONTINUE THRU FINALS WEEK!!!!

Exceptions to Simple Dominant/Recessive Patterns of Mendelian Inheritance

                                       
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COURSE SYLLABUS        FALL 2007

INTRODUCTORY BIOLOGY for SCIENCE MAJORS   
                 BISC 160, FALL 2007

Professors:
Dr. Paul Lago, Office #224 Shoemaker - phone 7472 (plago@olemiss.edu)
Dr. Lucile McCook, Office #406 Shoemaker - phone 5488 (bymccook@olemiss.edu)

Course Website - http://www.olemiss.edu/courses/bisc160/     This is the first place you should look for any information regarding the course during the semester.  Website includes this syllabus, instructions for how to study and analyze your exams, and other information useful to science majors.
                                   
Textbook:  Biology, 8th edition, Solomon, Berg and Martin.  Many changes have been made to this new edition, and it is highly recommended that students get the new book.

Team Teaching: The first half of the semester will be taught by Dr. Lago and the second half by Dr. McCook.

Attendance & Etiquette:  Your regular attendance is expected and attendance will be taken randomly.  All cell phones should be turned off before class begins.

Corequisite Lab = BISC 161: You should be enrolled in this class. 
Lab Book: Biological Sciences 161, Dr. Gail Stratton   

Prerequisites for BISC 160: minimum ACT mathematics score of 22 (SAT 510) or completion of College Algebra (MATH 121) with a grade of A or B . These prerequisites apply to freshmen entering the University since 2003.

Biology Majors and Minors: The Department of Biology requires a final grade of C or better in all Biology Courses used to satisfy requirements for your degree. 

Daily Study Sessions are led by Matt Pearson, Biology Graduate Student. Sessions are every Monday thru Thursday evening from 6-7:30 pm in the Stockard-Martin lobby (except when Dr. Lago or Dr. McCook lead sessions, which they do periodically).
       
Testing:  There will be three regular semester exams (50 questions each) and a final exam (100 questions), for a semester total of 250 questions.  The final exam will contain 50 questions from the final quarter of the semester, and 50 questions will be comprehensive (over the entire semester).  You can estimate your grade at any time by averaging all your exam scores and using the grading scale below.
Example: If you score 38 questions out of 50 (76%) on Exam 1, then 42 out of 50 (84%) on Exam 2, you can average those two grades to get 80%= B average.

Grading Scale: 90-100% = A; 80-89% = B; 70-79% = C; 60-69% = D; < 60% = F.

EXAMS: Bring your student ID, #2 pencil and the appropriate scantron form to every exam. 
Exam 1: Scantron form # F-1712 (full page, hot pink print)
Exams 2 & 3 and final: Scantron form #F-289 (half page, red print)
Scantrons can be purchased at Bookstore in Student Union.
No electronic devices are allowed during an exam. 
Due to the size of this class and university regulations, exam dates are not negotiable.  For example, do not schedule a family vacation to begin on the 6th of December if you have an exam on the 7th!! 
Makeup exams will be given to those students who must miss a test because of an official University activity or because of illness.  In all cases, arrangements for a makeup test must be made with the instructor prior to the absence.

   
Lecture Schedule:

Lecturer Dr. Paul Lago
Date        Topic                                                                Chapter(s)
8/20        Introduction & Organization of Life                                 1
8/22        Chemical Basis of Life                                                    2
8/24        Chemical Basis of Life                                                    2
8/27        Chemical Basis of Life                                                    2
8/29        Organic Compounds                                                      3
8/31        Organic Compounds                                                      3
9/3        LABOR DAY (No Classes)
9/5        Organic Compounds                                                        3
9/7        Organization of the Cell                                                    4
9/10       Organization of the Cell                                                    4
9/12        **** EXAM #1 ****
9/14        Biological Membranes                                                    5
9/17        Biological Membranes                                                    5
9/19        Energetics, an Overview                                                 7
9/21        Energetics and Enzymes                                                  7
9/24        Cellular Respiration                                                         8
9/26        Cellular Respiration                                                         8
9/28        Cellular Respiration                                                         8
10/1        Photosynthesis (Deadline for course withdrawal)          9
10/3        Photosynthesis                                                                9
10/5        **** EXAM #2 ****       

Lecturer Dr. Lucile McCook                                                             LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
10/8        DNA                                                                          12        3, 4, 5, 7 & 8
10/10      DNA Replication                                                        12
10/12       Chromosomes & Mitosis                                            10        1-5
10/15        Chromosomes & Mitosis                                            10
10/17        Gene Expression                                                        13        3-9 & 13
10/19        Gene Expression                                                        13
10/22        Gene Expression                                                        13
10/24        Gene Regulation                                                         14        1-4
10/26        Gene Regulation                                                         14
10/29        Chromosomes & Meiosis                                            10       7-10
10/31        **** EXAM #3 ****   
11/2        Heredity                                                                        11    1-6, 8-10
11/5        Heredity                                                                        11
11/7        Human Genome                                                            16        4
11/9        Population Genetics                                                       19        1-7
11/12       Population Genetics                                                      19
11/14        Evolution                                                                     18        1-8
11/16        Evolution                                                                     18
11/19        FALL BREAK (no classes)
11/21        FALL BREAK (no classes)
11/23        FALL BREAK (no classes)
11/26        Evolution                                                                    18
11/28        Speciation and Macroevolution                                    20        1-4
11/30        Speciation and Macroevolution                                    20
FINAL EXAM - Sec 1 (9am) exam will be held on Wednesday, 5 December at 8:00 am.
                            Sec 2 (10am) exam will be held on Friday, 7 December at 8:00 am.

            BRING TO FINAL:  1 Scantron form #F-289 (half page, red print)
                                                Student ID (REQUIRED)
                                                # 2 pencil

No electronic devices are allowed during an exam.  Dr. McCook will have calculators available, if you need one.

Due to the size of this class and university regulations, exam dates are not negotiable.  For example, do not schedule a family vacation to begin on the 6th of December if you have an exam on the 7th!! 
Makeup exams will be given to those students who must miss a test because of an official University activity or because of illness.  In all cases, arrangements for a makeup test must be made with the instructor prior to the absence.

University rules allow a student to change the time of a final exam if that student has three tests on one day.  The regulations read: Any student having three or more examinations scheduled for the same day will arrange with the instructor to take the 12:00 noon examination or the 7:30 p.m. examination on some other mutually satisfactory date.  Since our exams are at 8am, no one in this class will change final test times because of exam scheduling.


Exceptions to Simple Dominant/Recessive Patterns of Mendelian Inheritance
Information in Chapter 11, with a few examples from Chapter 16   

1. Linked Genes, specifically X-linked genes  –pages 248-250
 Workbook has problems dealing with X-linkage (also called sex-linkage)
5th edition Workbook=chapter 5; 4th edition Workbook= chapter 4
 examples focus on X-linked genes, with recessive alleles that cause human      
     disorders , such as red-green color-blindness–Fig. 11-16 in text

2. Incomplete Dominance -page 252
5th edition Workbook=chapter 4; 4th edition Workbook= chapter 3
 example– petal color in 4 o’clocks  - Fig. 11-18 in text

3. Codominance
- page 253
5th edition Workbook=chapter 4; 4th edition Workbook= chapter 3
 example--human blood groups- Table 11-3

4. Multiple Alleles-- page 253
5th edition Workbook=chapter 4; 4th edition Workbook= chapter 3
 example--human blood groups- Table 11-3

5. Pleiotropy – page 253
 example– cystic fibrosis - page 358

6. Polygenic Inheritance
– page 255
 examples--  human height & skin color- Fig. 11-22

7. Epistasis
- page 254
5th edition Workbook=chapter 4; 4th edition Workbook= chapter 3
 example– coat color in Labrador Retrievers, Fig 11-21

In the Genetics workbook, you are responsible for problems dealing with topics listed here, as well as the basics presented in chapters 1 & 2. 
We will not do pedigrees or linkage maps or more complex linkage problems in lecture, and you will not be responsible for them on the lecture exam.


STUDY SHOWS SLEEP HELPS MEMORY
BOSTON -- Forget about pulling an all-nighter before an exam -- a study suggests it's more important to get a good night's rest.
Harvard Medical School researchers, led by assistant professor of psychiatry Robert Stickgold, found that people who slept after learning and practicing a new task remembered more about it the next day than people who stayed up all night after learning the same thing.
The study was published in the December 2000 issue of Nature Neuroscience, and is another piece in a growing body of evidence that suggests proper rest is necessary for learning.   

STUDENT RESPONSIBILITY:
1. Attend every class.  Students who do not attend lectures should expect to do poorly on exams.  Attendance will be taken occasionally.
2. Use the textbook wisely.  Read the sections that cover lecture material and study figures utilized in class.
3. Participate in class.  Be attentive, think about the material, take good notes.  You are encouraged to ask questions during class or to visit the lecturers, either during office hours or by arranging to meet another time.
4. Use common courtesy: It is expected that students will arrive promptly, remain the entire lecture, and do not talk or read newspapers during class.
5. Study some each week, rather than waiting until the night before an exam.  Attempt to understand, not memorize.  To determine your level of understanding of material to be tested, try explaining it to someone else.  Forming a study group of 2-5 people that meet weekly may be useful.
6. Evaluate your returned tests carefully to determine how to improve your score on the next exam; don't make the same kinds of mistake twice.  Also, the scantron occasionally makes errors in grading, especially if there are erasures on the answer sheet. Bring them to your professors' attention to receive credit.
7. Students are expected to do their own work.  Cheating will result in a failure in the course, as outlined in the University of Mississippi M Book.

Make a Good Grade in This Course (and other courses, too)!
            Always attend class, be alert and think about the material as it is presented.
            Set aside study time every week and stick to it.
            Share and compare notes with a friend in the class.
            Attend weekly study sessions.
            Do NOT memorize!!  Be able to think about and apply concepts.
            Read the book to round out your knowledge, to link important concepts, to
                    understand both the big picture and the little details.
           Analyze your test!!  Then alter your study habits to address your specific
                    problem areas.
          Get a good night's sleep!!  STUDIES SHOW SLEEP HELPS MEMORY
          Always seek help when you don't understand.  Get that help by asking questions,
                    by using your text book, by visiting Dr. Parsons or Dr. McCook, or by talking
                    with your lab TA or other students in the class.


ANALYZE YOUR TESTS!!
No matter what class you are in, you should always sit down and analyze a test after it is returned to you.  If you want to improve your grade, you must first determine the types of questions you are missing and then you can alter your study habits to reflect those needs.  Look for patterns in the kinds of questions that you missed and those that were correct.
It may be helpful to build a chart, with #1 through #7 across top (these refer to the seven questions you need to ask about each test question that you missed), and put the number of the test question you missed on the lefthand axis.   Going over your test, ask yourself the following about each question that you missed.  

1. Was the material in your notes?    If not, work on note-taking skills.
 Go over notes in a study group, or share notes.
 But Beware!!!!  Other peoples' notes can be lousy or incorrect!!!  If you are skipping class and depending on others for notes, you could be hurting yourself immeasurably.
If the answers are in your notes but you still missed the question, you need to examine your study methods.

2. What was the particular topic of the questions you missed?
As an example, did you miss most of the questions covering atomic stucture?  Then, you need to go back and work on that topic.  Knowledge of atomic structure is important for an understanding of how bonds form and molecules work, and is fundamental to an understanding of biology.  Also, it will be on the comprehensive final.

3. Did you miss questions covering details?   Or, did you miss questions where I needed to have a broader understanding of a topic?
You need to understand both the details (the "little picture") as well as the "big picture".
When studying details, always stop and ask yourself: Where is this happening?   What is its importance?
The summary at the end of each chapter in the book can be very helpful here.

4. Did you miss straightforward, definition questions?  Or did you miss “application” questions?  In an application question, you need to know several facts, but then apply that knowledge to answer the question.  If you know about atoms and their orbitals, you can apply that knowledge to determine the number of electrons in a given orbital.  Students often call these “trick questions”, but they are not.  If you have memorized a bunch of statements, but do not really understand them, you will not be able to apply your knowledge. 

5. Can you find the correct answers using your notes or the book?
 Doing this will ensure that you come to an understanding of what you missed and why you missed it.   
NEVER BE SATISFIED with "the answer is C" because you will not have learned anything.
THIS ALSO PREPARES YOU FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE FINAL!!!
 
6. Did you tend to miss the questions that offer multiple answer options (a & b are correct), or those questions that are phrased as a negative (which one is NOT correct?)?
These questions involve logic and reasoning.  You can improve your ability to perform these questions, and you must learn to be especially careful when answering these.

7. Are you "second-guessing" and changing answers on the test?
 If you have studied, have confidence in your knowledge.  Go with the knowledge you have, use your knowledge to work out questions that you are not certain of, and use that knowledge to think through difficult questions.  Only change an answer when you are certain----not when you are "second-guessing".
Remember---your ability to think during an exam is based on your knowledge and on your state of mind. 
GET SOME SLEEP BEFORE EXAMS!!

Sample test questions:
The best way to use these is to try to answer them after you have studied.  This will give you a good idea of the kinds of questions that can be asked and how to study for this exam.
1. In strands of DNA and RNA, what is always bonded to the 5' carbon of the 5-carbon sugar?
A) a nitrogenous base    B) the phosphate group of an adjacent nucleotide
C) a phosphate group of the same nucleotide    D) a 3' carbon    E) a complementary base pair

2. During normal complementary base pairing, a pyrimidine such as _____, will form hydrogen bonds with the purine ____.
A) Adenine; Thymine  B) Cytosine; Guanine  C) Guanine; Cytosine   D) Cytosine; Thymine E) Guanine; Adenine

3. The “backbone” of any nucleic acid is actually made of:
A) covalently bonded 5-carbon sugars and phosphate groups    B) covalently bonded deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups  
C) 5-carbon sugars and phosphate groups held together by hydrogen bonds   D) nitrogenous bases and phosphate groups held together by hydrogen bonds 
E) nitrogenous bases

4. In genetics, a sequence refers to the linear order of:
A) amino acids in a polypeptide  B) nucleosomes on a chromosome  C) 5-carbon sugars on a nucleic acid  D) nitrogenous bases on a nucleic acid 
E) nitrogenous bases on a polypeptide

5. Which of the following accurately describes the outcome of semi-conservative replication?
A) a single strand of DNA    B) one new molecule of DNA made from two new single strands
C) two molecules of DNA, one made from the two original template strands and the other from two new strands    D) two molecules of DNA, each made of one new strand and one original template strand     E) one new strand of RNA

6. After hydrogen bonds are broken at the beginning of replication, what keeps the two template strands of DNA apart so that replication can proceed?
A) DNA polymerase      B) DNA ligase     C) RNA primers      D) DNA helicase   E) binding proteins

7. Why are RNA primers produced?
A) allow RNA polymerase to build a strand of rRNA    B) provide a short nucleic acid strand, so that DNA polymerase can add nucleotides to the 5' end of a new strand during replication   C) provide a short nucleic acid strand, so that DNA polymerase can add nucleotides to the 3' end of a new strand during replication 
D) provide a short nucleic acid strand, so that RNA polymerase can add nucleotides to the 3' end of a new strand during transcription    E) provide a short nucleic acid strand, so that DNA polymerase can add nucleotides to the 3' end of a new strand during transcription

8. When a DNA strand is replicated in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, it is called:  
A) continuous replication  B) discontinuous replication  C) a lagging strand  D) an Okazaki fragment   E) B, C & D describe this

9. If the DNA replication machine is moving to the right, as shown, what will a replicated strand from this piece of template DNA and its primer look like?    –>replication–>   5'—–T-G-G-T-C-A-A-G —–3'
A) an Okazaki fragment; 3'– primer- A-C-C-A-G-T-T-C –5'  
B) an Okazaki fragment; 5'–-primer-A-C-C-A-G-T-T-C –3'
C) an Okazaki fragment; 3'–A-C-C-A-G-T-T-C-primer –5'
D) a leading strand; 3'–A-C-C-A-G-T-T-C-primer –5'
E) a leading strand; 3'– primer-A-C-C-A-G-T-T-C –5'

10. The two double-stranded DNA molecules that result from replication, plus proteins that form complexes with them, can also be called:
A) centromeres   B) tetrads   C) homologous chromosomes   D) sister chromatids   E) Both B & C
 

Biology Department Computer Resources Available for Students
The Walker Computer Facility:         Location: 310 Shoemaker            Hours 8:00-5:00, M-F.

Please observe the following rules:
1.  No food or drink is allowed in the room.
2.  No software may be loaded to any of the computers.  The computers each have Microsoft office (Word, Excel,Powerpoint), Netscape and Telnet.
3.  No bookmarks may be added.
4.  Print only your final copy.  Do all proofing on the screen.
5.  Save all of your work to a floppy disk.

Internet Hubs
There are 7 internet ports in the third floor lobby where students can plug in laptop computers and access the net.

For more information on biology computer resources or freshman  biology laboratories, contact:
    Dr. Gail Stratton, Coordinator for Laboratory Programs
    Dept. of Biology    phone:  601-232-5786
    University of Mississippi   fax:    601-232-5144
    University, MS  38677    email:  byges@olemiss.edu

Have you visited the web page for your text book yet?
This fantastic book has lots of learning options for you.  Check out the CD-Rom and visit their website.
Click on this giant URL to go to their web site: http://www.brookscole.com/cgi-wadsworth/course_products_wp.pl?fid=M20b&product_isbn_issn=0534492762&discipline_number=22

 TEST RESULTS, Fall 2007

Results of EXAM 3: Wednesday, 31 October 2007
Range of grades/100:   100 to 20 %
      Number of students taking exam, by class and grade
                grade       9am                           10am
                A            43     17%                    43     16%
                B            46     18%                    59     21%
                C            49     19.5%                 53     19%
                D            34     13.5%                 41     15%
                F             80     32%                    81     29%
Total # students  252                               277
Class Average               70%                             70%


Results of EXAM 2:
Friday, 5 October 2007
Range of grades/100:   100 to 12 %
      Number of students taking exam, by class and grade
                grade       9am                           10am
                A            20       8%                    20       7%
                B            30     12%                    34     12%
                C            43     17.5%                 41     14.5%
                D            43     17.5%                 42     14.5%
                F           113     45%                  146     51%
Total # students  249                               283
Class Average               60%                             60%

Results of EXAM 1:
Wednesday, 12 September 2007
Range of grades/100:   100 to 18 %
      Number of students taking exam, by class and grade
                grade       9am                           10am
                A            25       9%                    32     10.5%
                B            49     18%                    56     18.5%
                C            59     22%                    57     18.5%
                D            53     20%                   61      20%
                F             85     31%                   99     32.5%
Total # students  271                               305
Class Average               67%                             67%



THE FOLLOWING SCORES ARE FROM FALL 2005, JUST SO YOU CAN COMPARE
Results of All Exams=Final Grades, Fall 2005
Range of grades/100:  96.4% to 14 %
      Number of students taking exam, by class and grade
                grade       9am                           10am
                A            34     17.5%                   18         7%
                B            35     17.5%                   81        32%
                C            45      23%                     49        19%
                D            38     19%                      42       16%
                F             45     23%                     66        26%
Total # students  197                                 254
Class Average                67%                              67%

Results of EXAM 4--final exam: Mon or Wed, 5 or 7 December 2005
Range of grades/100:  98 to 22 %
      Number of students taking exam, by class and grade
                grade       9am                           10am
                A            20     11%                      13        5%
                B            35     19%                      53      22%
                C            41     22%                      53      22%
                D            35     19%                      48      20%
                F             55     29%                      75      31%
Total # students  186                                 242
Class Average               68%                               67%

Results of EXAM 3: Wednesday, 2 November 2005
Range of grades/100:  100 to 14 %
      Number of students taking exam, by class and grade
                grade       9am                           10am
                A            28     14.5%                   23       9%
                B            26     13.5%                   51       20.5%
                C            39     20%                      43      17%
                D            24     12%                      36     14.5%
                F             77     40%                     97      39%
Total # students  194                                 250
Class Average               65%                              65%


Results of EXAM 2: Friday, 7 October 2005
Range of grades/100:   96 to 16 %
      Number of students taking exam, by class and grade
                grade       9am                           10am
                A              9     4.5%                     6       2%
                B            27     14%                    18       7%
                C            34     17%                    58      23%
                D            45     23%                    69      27%
                F             82    41.5%                105     41%
Total # students  197                               256
Class Average               63%                             61%

Results of EXAM 1:
Wednesday, 14 September 2005
Range of grades/100:   98 to 22 %
      Number of students taking exam, by class and grade
                grade       9am                           10am
                A            27     13%                    23     8.5%
                B            53     26%                    74     27%
                C            64     30%                    85     31%
                D            38     18%                    57    21%
                F             27     13%                   35     12.5%
Total # students  209                               274
Class Average               74%                             73%

THE FOLLOWING SCORES ARE FROM FALL 2004, JUST SO YOU CAN COMPARE
Results
of Semester: FINAL Grades Fall 2004
Range of grades/100:   100 to 15%
      Number of students taking exam, by class and grade
                grade       9am                           10am
                A            35     17%                 43    14%
                B            35     17%                 47    15%
                C            48     23%                 67    21%
                D            32     15%                 46    15%
                F             58     28%               109    35%   Includes scores for students that did not take every exam.
Total # students  208                            312

Results of FINAL EXAM:  Wednesday, 8 December 2004
Range of grades/100:   100 to 15%
      Number of students taking exam, by class and grade
                grade       9am                           10am
                A            31     17%                 33    12%
                B            29     15%                 50    18%
                C            42     22%                 63    23%
                D            31     17%                 36    13%
                F             55     29%                95     34%
Total # students  188                            277
Class Average               70%                         68%

Results of EXAM 3:  Monday, 8 November 2004
Range of grades/100:   100 to 14%
      Number of students taking exam, by class and grade
                grade       9am                           10am
                A            26     13%                    26      9%
                B            36     18.4%                 58    20%
                C            38     19.4%                 61    21%
                D            36     18.4%                 50    17%
                F             60     31%                    95     33%
Total # students  196                               290
Class Average               69%                             66%

Results of Exam 2: Wednesday, 13 October 2004
Range of grades:   100% to 16%
      Number of students taking exam, by class and grade
                grade       9am                           10am
                A            17        8%                   17     6%
                B            31      15%                   33    11%
                C            41      20%                   59    19.5%
                D            44     22%                    53    17.5%
                F             70     35%                  140    46%
Total # students  203                               302
Class Average               65%                             60%


Results of EXAM 1: Friday, 17 September 2004
Range of grades/100:   98 to 24 %
      Number of students taking exam, by class and grade
                grade       9am                           10am
                A            12     5.5%                   25     8%
                B            36     17%                    34    11%
                C            36     17%                    54    17%
                D            40     18.5%                 65    21%
                F             90    42%                   132    43%
Total # students  214                               310
Class Average               63%                             62%

THE FOLLOWING ARE TEST RESULTS FROM FALL 2003!!!!  Just for you to compare
Results of EXAM 1: Fall semester 2003
Range of grades/100:   100 to 20
      Number of students taking exam, by class and grade
                grade       9am                           10am
                A            30     14%                    46    14%
                B            50     23%                    61    19%
                C            46     22%                    62    19%
                D            25     12%                    50    16%
                F             63     29%                  103    32%
Total # students  214                               322
Class Average               70%                             68%

RESULTS of EXAM 2: Wednesday, 8 October 2003
Range of grades/100:   98 to 16
      Number of students taking exam, by class and grade
                grade       9am                           10am
                A            13      6%                     16      5%
                B            26     13%                    36    12%
                C            35     17%                    56    19%
                D            43     21%                    60    20%
                F             89     43%                  134    44%
Total # students  206                               302
Class Average               62%                             62%

RESULTS of EXAM 3: Wednesday, 5 November 2003
Range of grades/100:  100 to 16
      Number of students taking exam, by class and grade
                grade       9am                           10am
                A            49     25%                    65    22%
                B            40     20%                    72    25%

                C            38     19%                    50    17%