THE COURSE WILL INCLUDE
Twelve hours of lectures on conceptual and mathematical modeling of flow and solute transport in the subsurface.
BACKGROUND
Groundwater constitutes an important component of water supply systems for domestic use, industry, and agriculture.  With increased use, sometimes above permissible levels, groundwater quality often deteriorates. In recent years, public attention has been focused on groundwater contamination by hazardous industrial waste, by leachate from landfills, by oil spills, by agricultural activities, and by sites of radioactive waste repositories, to mention but a few of the more acute pollution sources.  In most cases, the source of contamination is above ground surface, with contaminants passing through the unsaturated zone on their way to an underlying aquifer.
A special situation arises in coastal aquifers, where excess pumping may cause seawater intrusion, thus threatening the use of the aquifer as a source of fresh water.
Good management of water resources requires the ability to forecast the response of the managed system, e.g., an aquifer, to planned operations, such as pumping, recharging, and control of conditions at aquifer boundaries. Any planning of mitigation, cleanup, or control measures, requires forecasting the path and fate of the contaminants in both the unsaturated zone and the aquifer.  The tool for prediction is the numerical model that simulates the flow and pollution movement and transformation.  The construction of good models should be based on a thorough understanding of what happens within the modeled domain and on its boundaries, including chemical and biological processes, on our ability to express this information in the compact form of a well posed mathematical model and, eventually, in the form of a numerical one. Predictions of the response of the investigated domain to planned activities are obtained by solving the latter. The solution is achieved by employing numerical techniques and appropriate computer programs. Many such programs for flow and solute transport in the subsurface are now available.
COURSE OBJECTIVES
To provide insight into the various aspects of the modeling process, and to train participants in the construction of conceptual and complete mathematical models of flow and pollution transport in the subsurface. Special attention will be devoted to the problem of seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND
The course is intended primarily for practicing engineers, scientists, and modelers in the fields of water resources, groundwater, and environmental engineering. However, the course should be of value also to graduate students at the Ph.D. and M.Sc. levels, to  researchers, and to faculty members. 
COURSE OUTLINE
Introduction: What is a model? Role of models in management. The modeling process. Definition of a porous medium. The continuum approach to modeling phenomena of transport in porous media.
Darcy's Law: Darcy's law and its extensions to inhomogeneous fluids and to heterogeneous and anisotropic media. Aquifer transmissivity. The 'essentially horizontal flow approximation' for modeling flow in aquifers. The Dupuit approximation for phreatic aquifers.
Modeling flow in 3-D domains: Effective stress. Solid matrix deformation.  Specific storativity.  Basic mass balance equation for 3-D flow domains. Initial and boundary conditions. The complete mathematical 3-D flow model.
Modeling 2-D flow in aquifer domains: Aquifer storativity. Basic mass balance equations for confined, phreatic and leaky aquifers. Initial and boundary conditions. The complete mathematical model of flow in aquifers. Regional groundwater balances.
Modeling multiphase flow: Multiphase contaminant transport. Surface tension. Capillarity and retention curves. Single and multiphase motion equations. Effective permeability. Mass Balance equations. Initial and boundary conditions. Complete models of single and multiphase flows in the unsaturated zone. Vapor movement. Nonisothermal conditions.
Modeling subsurface contamination: Hydrodynamic dispersion of contaminants in saturated and unsaturated domains. Advective, dispersive and diffusive fluxes. The component balance equation. Adsorption, decay, chemical reactions, volatilization, and other source and sink phenomena. Initial and boundary conditions. Complete model of contaminant transport in saturated flow. Nonaqueous liquid phase contaminants. Volatile components. Chemical reactions. Complete model for multiple multicomponent phases.
Sea water intrusion into coastal aquifers. The sharp interface and the transition zone models. Conceptual and complete mathematical models. Some sharp interface analytical solutions. Management criteria.
LECTURER
Jacob Bear, Department of Civil Engineering, Technion--Israel Institute of Technology
Jacob Bear is a professor emeritus in the Department of Civil Engineering at the Technion, Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa. He received his Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from the University of California at Berkeley, and honorary doctorates from Delft University of Technology and from ETH, Zurich. He is a fellow of AGU and recipient of the Birdsall Distinguished Lectureship in Hydrogeology as well as the 1990 Science Award by NGWA. In 1998, he was awarded in Israel the prestigious Rothschild Prize in Engineering. His teaching, research and consulting cover the areas of groundwater hydrology, management of water resources, water policy, groundwater contamination and remediation, and the theory of transport phenomena in porous media. Prof. Bear has been acting as consultant on groundwater hydrology, and management of water resources to the Ministry of Agriculture, Israel, to Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and to government and private companies in Israel and abroad. His well known books include Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Materials (Elsevier, 1972; Dover, 1988), Hydraulics of Groundwater (McGraw-Hill, 1979), Modeling Groundwater Flow and Pollution (co-author A. Verruijt; Reidel, 1987), and Introduction to Modeling Transport Phenomena in Porous Media (co-author Y. Bachmat; Kluwer, 1990). He has also edited a recently published book on Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers--Concepts, Methods and Practices (co-editors A.H.-D. Cheng, S. Sorek, D. Ouazar & I. Herrera; Kluwer, 1999). These books are used by students and practitioners all over the world. Prof. Bear is the editor of the international journal Transport in Porous Media. He has been teaching short courses for engineers and scientists on Groundwater Hydrology, Management of Water Resources, and Modeling Flow and Pollution of Groundwater at many universities around the world.
FEE AND REGISTRATION
The tuition fee of US$600 covers the cost of instruction, course notes, refreshments and lunches.
Enrolment is limited to 30 participants, on first-come first-serve basis. Early registration is highly recommended. A full refund (minus administrative expenses) will be made if cancellation notice is received not later than one month before the beginning of the course.
For developing country participants: Subsidy may be available from international organizations, pending application to these organizations.  Please check conference web page for update.
LOCATION AND ACCOMMODATION
Lectures will be given at the Hotel Ryad Mogador, Essaouira, Morocco.  Accommodation will be arranged at the same hotel.  The hotel provides single rooms for about US$60/night.
COURSE SCHEDULE
The course will take place Wednesday and Thursday, April 18-19, 2001, with daily lectures 8.30 to 10.00am, 10.30 to 12.00am, 2.00 to 3.30pm, 4.00 to 5.30pm.
TEXTBOOKS AND HANDOUTS
Lecture notes will be supplied to the participants during the course.
Recommended textbooks:

• Bear, J. and A. Verruijt, Modeling Groundwater Flow and Pollution, Kluwer Acad. Publishers, 1987.
  
• Bear, J., Cheng, A.H.-D., Sorek, S., Ouazar, D. and Herrera, I., (eds.), Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers--Concepts, Methods and Practices, Kluwer Acad. Publishers, 625 p., 1999.