THE COURSE WILL INCLUDE
14 or more hours of lectures and practical modeling laboratories on saltwater intrusion.
BACKGROUND
Saltwater intrusion is arguably the most common and widespread contamination problem in aquifers around the world. Intrusion of saltwater occurs primarily from seawater in coastal aquifers, but intrusion of salinity may also derive from deep lateral migration or upconing of brines, leaching of shallow salt deposits, and anthropogenic sources such as industrial wastes and road salt. The best means to understand, predict, and ameliorate saltwater intrusion, as well as to manage aquifers subject to saltwater intrusion, involves computer simulation. Computer codes used for such analysis must simulate both variable-density fluid flow, in which the fluid density is affected by the presence of salt, and transport of dissolved salt. A number of such codes are available; in particular, analysis of saltwater intrusion is a common application of the widely used USGS SUTRA computer code.
COURSE OBJECTIVES
To provide participants with a practical introduction to variable-density flow and transport modeling as applied to saltwater intrusion. Emphasis will be on 'hands-on' laboratories where participants set up, run, and evaluate computer simulations using the SUTRA code with graphic pre- and post-processors on PCs. Participants will learn to set up a model using a graphical user interface and to evaluate results using various types of graphical visualization.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND
The course is intended for water resources professionals and students who already have some familiarity with mathematical and computer modeling of (constant-density) ground-water flow, and who have interest in applying variable-density models.
COURSE OUTLINE
Overview: Seawater and other saline intrusion; processes and parameters
Overview: Various numerical approaches to simulating seawater intrusion, and review of available computer codes
Lecture: Introduction to the SUTRA code (two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) simulation); description of numerical methods; input data requirements
Laboratory 1: Use of ArgusONE Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Lecture: Philosophy of modeling
Laboratory 2: Use of GUI for running SUTRA
Lecture: Dealing with hydrogeologic heterogeneity in numerical models
Laboratory 3: 2D Areal Constant-Density Simulation
Lecture: Equations describing variable-density flow and solute transport
Lecture: Special concerns when simulating variable-density flow, and discussion of boundary and initial conditions
Laboratory 4: 2D Cross-Sectional Variable-Density Simulation, "The Henry Problem"
Lecture: Setting up a seawater intrusion simulation
Laboratory 5: 2D Cross-Sectional Variable-Density Simulation, "Seawater intrusion at Aquiferia"
Laboratory 6 or Demonstration: 3D Variable-Density Simulation, "Seawater intrusion at Aquiferia"
Other Lectures: Variable-Density Modeling Examples: Hawaiian coastal aquifer, movement of deep brines, flow above salt dome, salt transport in confining units (Donana National Park)
INSTRUCTORS
Clifford I. Voss has been a Research Hydrologist with the U.S. Geological Survey since 1981. Prior to that he worked at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, from 1978. He received a B.S. in Physics from Bucknell University (1971), attended the M.S. program in Geology and Geophysics at Boston College until 1973, and in 1975 received an M.A. and M.S.E. in Civil Engineering (Hydrology) and a Ph.D. in 1978 in Civil Engineering (Water Resources) from Princeton University. Dr. Voss' research considers flow and transport in heterogeneous geologic environments, including density-driven fluid circulation. His current practical work includes nuclear waste disposal in fractured crystalline rock, seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers, inverse modeling and transport parameter estimation. He has many publications, and is the author of the widely used code, SUTRA, for analysis of saturated-unsaturated variable-density flow with solute or energy transport. Dr. Voss has taught many courses related to quantitative analysis and modeling of hydrogeologic systems. In 1990, he received a Technical Achievement Award from the National Ground Water Association, USA. He is a Fellow of the Geological Society of America. Since 1994, he has been the Executive Editor of Hydrogeology Journal, official journal of the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH).
Leonard F. Konikow has worked as a Research Hydrologist with the U.S. Geological Survey since 1972.  He received a B.A. in geology from Hofstra University (1966), and an M.S. (1969) and Ph.D. (1973) from Pennsylvania State University.  His research interests include the development and application of solute-transport models to ground-water contamination problems.  Dr. Konikow has published numerous papers and taught a variety of courses related to hydrogeology and ground-water modeling.  In 1989 he received the M. King Hubbert Science Award from the National Ground Water Association, USA.  He is a Fellow of the Geological Society of America, was the GSA Hydrogeology Division's Birdsall Distinguished Lecturer during 1985-86, and received their Meinzer Award in 1997.  He served on the Editorial Board of Ground Water journal (1993-95), as Associate Editor for Water Resources Research (1981-84), and as Chairman of the Hydrogeology Division of the Geological Society of America (1993-94).  He was also on the USA National Research Council's Committees on Ground-Water Modeling Assessment (1987-89) and the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (1989-96).  He also served the American Geophysical Union as Chairman of the Groundwater Committee (1980-82) and as Hydrology Program Chairman (1984-87).  He has been a member of the Board of Directors of the Association of Ground Water Scientists and Engineers since 1996.
FEE AND REGISTRATION
The tuition fee of US$600 covers the cost of instruction, course notes, refreshments and lunches.
Enrolment is limited to 20 participants, on first come first serve basis. Early registration is highly recommended. A full refund (minus administrative expenses) will be made if cancellation notice is received not later than one month before the beginning of the course.
For developing country participants: Subsidy may be available from international organizations, pending application to these organizations.  Please check conference web page for update.
LOCATION AND ACCOMMODATION
Lectures will be given at the Hotel Ryad Mogador, Essaouira, Morocco.  Accommodation will be arranged at the same hotel.  The hotel provides single rooms for about US$60/night.
COURSE SCHEDULE
The course will take place Friday and Saturday, April 20-21, 2001, with lectures and laboratories from 8:00am to 10:00am, 10:30am to 12:30pm, 2:00pm to 3:30pm and 4:00pm to 5:30pm.
TEXTBOOKS AND HANDOUTS
Lecture notes will be supplied to course participants.
PREREQUISITES
Familiarity with fundamental theories and numerical simulation of groundwater flow.   
COMPUTER REQUIREMENTS
Ten microcomputers (two students per computer) will be available on site.  However, participants are encouraged to bring their own laptop computer.
CONTINUING EDUCATION UNIT
The course is equivalent to 1 semester credit unit in continuing education.
FOR COURSE INFORMATION
Contact:
Dr. Cliff I. Voss
Water Resources Division
U.S. Geological Survey
431 National Center
Reston, VA 20192, USA
Tel: 703-648-5885 
Fax: 703-648-5274 
Email: cvoss@usgs.gov

Dr. Leonard F. Konikow
Water Resources Division
U.S. Geological Survey
431 National Center
Reston, VA 20192, USA
Tel: (703)648-5878
Fax: (703)648-5274
E-mail: lkonikow@usgs.gov
FOR REGISTRATION
Prof. Driss Ouazar
Ecole Mohammadia d'Ingénieurs
B.P. 765
Agdal Rabat, Morocco
Tel: 212-7-670579 
Fax: 212-7-778853 
Email: ouazar@emi.ac.ma